History of MALAYA / PERSEKUTUAN TANAH (MELAYU 1945 -1949)
The British government sent Harold MacMichael with the Malayan Union plan and managed to coerce the Malay rulers into signing the agreements. Edward Gent arrived as the first Governor but was met with bitter opposition from Malay nationalists, and that led Onn Jaafar to organise the Malays into a political movement and formed United Malays National Organisation (UMNO). Other Malay radical groups under Ahmad Boestamam and Ishak Hj Muhammad established the youth movement Angkatan Pemuda Insaf (API). Faced with fierce opposition the British relented and Malayan Union was replaced by the Federation of Malaya. The communist took to the jungle and launched an insurgency against the government, hence the 'declaration of emergency'. In the face of communist threat, Tan Cheng Lock formed the Malayan Chinese Association (MCA) to look to the welfare of the Chinese community. The British proposed 'jus soli' (citizenship by birth) as the basis for citizenship but was rejected by Malay nationalists, Aminuddin Baki, Mahathir Mohamad, Siti Hasmah, Abdullah Ayub among others.
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